Group Size
Min 2 Max 14
Duration
20 Days Days
Grade
Max. Altitude
3,709m / 12,168ft
Activity
Trekking in Nepal
Accomodation
Tsum Valley Trek Highlights
- Enjoy the stunning Tsum Valley that showcases diverse landscapes of forests, valleys, and rivers.
- Get the chance to witness majestic views of the 8th-highest Mt. Manaslu.
- Walk through a remote conservation area with unique and endangered species of wildlife.
- Get the chance to stroll and reach Milarepa’s meditation cave.
- Celebrate unique and special festivals like Lhosar, Dashain, Tihar, etc.
- Experience the ancient Tibetan culture, traditions, and festivals.
- Visit sacred monasteries, including Rachen and Mu Gompa, to learn more about their ancient traditions.
Tsum Valley Trek Overview
The Tsum Valley Trek provides a special trekking experience at the foot of Manaslu. You can visit the secret Tsum Valley and its isolated villages. The trek is north of Gorkha and follows the Budhi Gandaki River and colourful rhododendron forests to the hot springs of Tatopani. Manaslu means "spirit Mountain," for the local Tsumbas, it is a holy deity. Please note: the locals in Tsum Valley do not allow animal sacrifice. Once restricted, trekking in Tsum Valley was opened for foreigners only in 1992 and is still under the control of the area. According to the locals, settlements were established by Guru Rinpoche in sacred beyuls or valleys of the Himalayas, including Tsum during the 8th century.
These settlements provided much-needed refuge to Tibetans who fled during times of war to avoid famine and drought. Tsum is one of the best preserved valleys so far, and Polyandry is still prevalent in the villages of Tsum Valley. This is a moderately strenuous trek that progresses through the route at low altitude, reaching maximum height at Rachen Gompa (3240m). Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November) are the best seasons for the Tsum Valley Trek.
Trip Facts
- The Tsum Valley, a pilgrimage site for Himalayan Buddhists, was closed to trekkers until 2008.
- Tsum Valley trek allows visitors to enjoy a culturally unique trip, with a Tibetan-influenced lifestyle and ancient monasteries.
- The Tsum Valley is in the northern Gorkha district of Nepal, part of the Manaslu Conservation Area.
- Trekkers on this journey will appreciate the magnificent panoramic views of mountain ranges, including Manaslu, Ganesh Himal, and Himalchuli.
- Along the trek, ancient monasteries like Mu Gompa and Rachen Gompa provide spiritual elements.
- The Tsumba people who live in the valley have cultural traditions and dialects that differ from the larger groups in Nepal and Tibet.
- This trek generally allows one to experience remote, unspoiled, beautiful Himalayan scenes.
- The trek will reach a maximum altitude of around 3700 meters (12,140 feet) at Mu Gompa.
Tsum Valley Trek Itinerary
Arrival in Kathmandu
Day one of the Tsum Valley Trek typically begins with your arrival in Kathmandu, Nepal’s vibrant capital. This day primarily involves settling into your hotel and preparing for the journey ahead. Depending on your arrival time, you might have the opportunity to explore some of Kathmandu’s cultural and historical sites. Importantly, this day is also used for final trek preparations, including any last-minute shopping for trekking gear, and meeting with your trekking company to confirm trek details and permits. Also, the first day of the Tsum valley trek is often the long drive from Kathmandu to Machha Khola, the starting point of the trek.
Meals:
Own
Accommodation:
Kathmandu Guest House
Max Elevation:
1,350m/4,455ft
Exploration of Kathmandu and trek preparation
After an early breakfast, we set out on a guided tour to the primary historical spots in Kathmandu. We will tour symbolic monuments, temples, monasteries, palaces and UNESCO World Heritage Sites that include: Boudhanath, and the temples of Pashupatinath. As we stroll along the exotic locales of Kathmandu, more diversified cultural settings in the valley welcome us with warm hospitality. At Boudhanath, one of the biggest stupas in Asia, we get deep insights into Buddhism. This may invoke your spiritual senses. There will be a brief orientation followed by trek preparation during late afternoon at the hotel lobby.
Meals:
Breakfast
Accommodation:
Kathmandu Guest House
Max Elevation:
1,350m/4,455ft
Drive to Arughat
We will leave Kathmandu and head west to take 8hrs of drive to Arughat via Prithvi Highway. From Malekhu we will head north and follow 30km of rough road along Trishuli River to Dhading Besi which is the headquarters of Dhading district. We will take 35km of dirt road northwest to Arughat Bazaar. This bustling Bazaar is divided into two flanks by Budhi Gandaki River flowing in between them.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
7-8 hrs
Max Elevation:
670m/2198ft
Trek to Soti Khola
Tsum Valley Trek begins on the fourth day. Following the ascending trail through dense Sal forest, we will cross a series of ridges and pass through waterfalls. We will go down to the rice terraces and climb uphill to Sotikhola, where we will stay overnight. Tsum Valley Trek begins on the fourth day. Following the ascending trail through dense Sal forest, we will cross a series of ridges and pass through waterfalls. We will go down to the rice terraces and climb uphill to Sotikhola, where we will stay overnight.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
5-6 hrs
Max Elevation:
700m/2,296ft
Trek to Macha Khola
You will head to Machha Khola early in the morning. Start your trek by crossing the Soti Khola while enjoying views of waterfalls and streams. Next, walk through a beautiful Sal forest and climb to a ridge above the large rapids of the Budhi Gandaki River. Then, continue to Liding and Khursane. From Khursane, walk down terraced farmlands to the Gurung village of Lapubesi. After that, enter a wide valley and follow the sandy riverbanks of the Budhi Gandaki to reach Nauli Khola. Cross this stream to get to Machha Khola.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
6-7 hrs
Max Elevation:
870m/2,952ft
Trek to Dhoban
Today as we trek to Dhoban, we will cross suspension bridges and along the river side. Agriculture is the chief occupation of locals, and coffee and buckwheat are produced in large quantities in this area. The path winds through diverse terrain, including steep ascents and descents, dense forests, and river crossings, offering a truly immersive experience. While physically demanding, the trek rewards hikers with stunning natural scenery and glimpses into traditional Nepali village life. We will pass through the hot spring in Tatopani and cross the Budhi Gandaki River to reach Doban.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
4-5 hrs
Max Elevation:
1,000m/3,280ft
Trek to Philim
Our path is tapered that allows scenic views of Sringi Mountain to the north. We will lower down to Sirdibas from Salleri where we can witness ancient Buddhist culture. After crossing a suspension bridge and following the straight path along eastern edge for brief period before climbing the sloped ridge to make it to large Gurung village of Philim where we will stay overnight. Chholing Sandu Gompa is the local monastery in Philim.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
6-7 hrs
Max Elevation:
1,570m/5,150ft
Trek to Chumling
The hike from Philim to Chumling will be an enjoyable trip while we follow the trails that twist and turn north of Philim. The trails are in beautiful forests that provide a peaceful feeling, and will reward us with magnificent views of the Himalchuli mountain that rises to 7,893 meters (25,890 feet). After crossing a nice bridge, we will find the hike becomes more challenging with a steep climb, but the landscape will take your breath away. After several hours of hiking, we will arrive in Chumling and relax and prepare for an overnight stay while soaking in the peace, tranquility, and uniqueness of this destination.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
5-6 hrs
Max Elevation:
2,386m/7,827ft
Trek to Chokang Paro
Today, we will set out on an adventure starting with an uphill trek that is sure to challenge us and provide us with inspiring views, and perhaps some animal spotting along the way. Upon reaching the summit, we’ll descend again to a scenic bridge over a river, and then our journey will lead us to the warm and welcoming village of Rainham, where we will explore its vibrant culture and lifestyle. We will conclude our journey in the breathtaking Tsum Valley whilst visiting the largest village of Chhokangparo, where we can experience firsthand the local culture and lifestyle.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
7-8 hrs
Max Elevation:
3,010m/9,903ft
Trek to Nile and visit Rachen Gompa on the way
We will walk through the wide valley for most part of the day. Heading north from the river, we will walk along the small school at Kaye to reach Ngakyu and Leru villages. Couple of hours of walk from Leru village will take us to Rachen Gompa. Milarepa’s Cave is another place of interest near Rachen Gompa. We can still observe footprint of Milarepa (the great Buddhist Saint) inside the cave. Chi Phu Monastery is located near to the cave. The ancient Rachen Nunnery was built in 1905 as a residence for nuns. Animal slaughter is prohibited in the area. Afterwards we continue our trek to Nile for overnight stay.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
4-5 hrs
Max Elevation:
3,360m/11,021ft
Trek to Mu Gompa
On day eleven, the trek ascends along the western bank of the valley towards the remote Mu Gompa, a journey that typically involves a gentle two-hour walk. Upon reaching Mu Gompa, trekkers will settle in for lunch, allowing for rest and refueling before exploring the significant cultural landmark of Dephu Doma Gompa. The historic monastery, believed to be at least 600 years old, is a place of significant historical and spiritual importance in the region, reflecting the community’s rich heritage and the deep roots of the Buddhist traditions practiced to this day.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
2 hrs
Max Elevation:
3,700m/12,136ft
Exploration of Mu Gompa and surrounding areas
On Day 12, we can visit the interesting architecture and rich history of the Gompa. If we go inside, there is a good chance that we will see different religious artifacts, lush murals, and even perhaps monks performing their daily rituals. The hike above Mu Gompa should offer us dramatic views of the surrounding area as well, and it will also reflect the natural beauty of the area. It will be a good chance to appreciate the peace and stillness of the mountains, to learn about the area, and to experience a cultural moment in this area. Overall, this would be a mix of spiritual experience, culture, and outdoor recreation.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
3-4 hrs
Trek to Lama Gaon
After enjoying your time at Mu Gompa, you will return to Lama Gaon. From there, the trail goes down to Chhule, and then you will reach Phurbe. After walking through Shiar Khola valley, you will arrive at Rachen Gompa. This gompa is located among large mountains near the borders of Tibet and Nepal. Rachen Gompa is one of the beautiful old gompas in Nepal. You can explore the monastery and talk to a nun or monk. After visiting Rachen Gompa, the trekkers will head back down to Lama Gaon, where they can meet locals and have dinner. You will spend the night in Lama Gaon.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
5-6 hrs
Max Elevation:
3,200m/10,500ft
Trek to Lokpa
We will lower down from Rachen Gompa to reach Dumje from where we will turn left and arrive at Langdang River. Crossing the river, we will walk along southern edge of Langdang River to Siyar River. The path is decorated with chortens and Mani walls and we will climb down through the stone steps to reach Gumlung from where we will take an ascending trail through forested ridge to make it to Lokpa. We will stay overnight in Lokpa.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
6-7 hrs
Max Elevation:
2,240m/7,350ft
Trek to Jagat
The walk from Lokpa to Jagat is a total of about 17.5 kilometers. The walk takes about 6-7 hours of trekking across the Tsum Valley Trek, which includes climbing up to the village of Salleri. After Salleri, you descend to Sirdibas, pass through Philim, and continue to Ekle Bhatti. From Ekle Bhatti, parallel to the path on your right, progressing in a western direction towards the divide between the two rivers. From Ekle Bhatti, the route leads you along the eastern bank past that point to the road to the Tsum Valley as it breaks off. Stay overnight in Jagat.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
5-6 hrs
Max Elevation:
1,410m/4,625ft
Trek to Macha Khola
On Day 16, the trek started to descend from Jagat, with some precarious suspension bridges hovering over the swelling Budhi Gandaki River. The journey made its way down from hardened ridges with breathtaking views of the river gorge and numerous cascading waterfalls, and we were cooled by the spray from the falls! The ups and downs on the trail made us want to keep a steady pace through this landscape worn by time and water, and eventually, we made it to the village of Macha Khola.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
5-6 hrs
Max Elevation:
870m/2,952ft
Trek to Arughat
On day seventeen, the trek descends from Machhakhola, tracing a straightforward route to a sturdy bridge spanning the Nauli River, where we’ll pause to appreciate the rushing waters before crossing. From there, the path continues through the charming Gurung village of Laphubesi, offering glimpses into local culture and rural life. Eventually, it leads us to the tranquil Soti Khola; the day’s journey concludes with an overnight stay in the bustling market town of Arughat, marking a significant step closer to the trek’s end.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Fully tented camping
Duration:
6-7 hrs
Max Elevation:
535m/1755ft
Drive back to Kathmandu
Today is the second-to-last day of the Tsum Valley Trek. You will drive back to Kathmandu on the Prithvi Highway. This scenic drive offers stunning views of waterfalls, green hills, snowy peaks, the beautiful Trishuli River, and small, charming villages. When you arrive in Kathmandu, your trek guide will take you to your hotel. After that, you can relax at the hotel or explore nearby places.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Kathmandu Guest House
Duration:
7-8 hrs
Max Elevation:
1,350m/4,455ft
Free day in Kathmandu
Free and easy day to spend, perhaps doing shopping or rest at hotel’s beautiful court-yard. At eventide, we will relish a farewell dinner to celebrate your successful completion of the ‘Tsum Valley Trek.’ While enjoying our supper, we will also be entertained to a scintillating cultural dance performed by the local belles Please do not hesitate to let us know if you would like to extend your stay. Kindly email us for more details on extensions.
Meals:
Breakfast,Lunch,Dinner
Accommodation:
Kathmandu Guest House
Max Elevation:
1,350m/4,455ft
International departure
On Day 20, trekkers conclude their Tsum Valley Trek in Kathmandu. After a transformative journey through the Himalayas and the unique culture of the Tsum Valley, we hope you enjoyed your stay in Nepal. Our personnel will take you to the Tribhuvan International Airport from your hotel. We hope you return to experience a different adventure.
Meals:
Breakfast
Availability
Our trips are available on both group departure and private trip.
If you’re looking to join a group, click the Group Departures tab for details on dates, availability, and pricing. All our group departures are guaranteed to run once signed up.
If you prefer a private trip with your friends, family, or colleagues, please fill out the contact form in the Private Trip tab. We’ll organize a personalized trip for you on your preferred dates, accommodating any special requests you may have.
Ready to create your perfect adventure? Use our trip planner to customize your itinerary and schedule according to your preferences. We’re here to help you tailor every detail to fit your unique needs.
"*" indicates required fields
FAQs of Tsum Valley Trek
1. Can you combine the Tsum Valley with the Manaslu Circuit Trek?
2. How long does the Trek to Tsum Valley take on average?
3. What is the highest altitude reached during the Tsum Valley Trek?
4. What are the high-altitude vantage points of the Tsum Valley Trek?
5. Is Tsum Valley worth it?
6. What makes the Tsum Valley Trek unique?
7. Do you need to hire a guide and porter for the Upper Tsum Valley Trek?
8. Do you reach Hidden Valley during the Tsum Valley Trek?
9. Can I take kids to the Manaslu Tsum Valley Trek?
10. What is the "Shagya" tradition of Tsum Valley?
Where are the starting and ending points of the Tsum Valley Trek?
The trekking routes of Tsum Valley can have variations, and descriptions can differ slightly. However, here’s a general overview of the Tsum Valley Trek’s starting and ending points: The Tsum Valley Trek typically begins with a drive from Kathmandu to Arughat or sometimes directly to Machha Khola. Arughat is often considered the initial access point to the region.
From Arughat, the trek gradually progresses towards Machha Khola, which then becomes the starting point of the trek on foot. So, in many cases, the trek begins in Machha Khola. The trek usually concludes by retracing the route back down the valley, with Machha Khola being a common ending point. From Machha Khola, travelers typically journey back to Kathmandu, so the ending point of the foot trekking portion is often Machha Khola. It’s important to note that the itinerary can vary depending on the trekking company and the specific route chosen.
Food and Accommodation along the Tsum Valley Trek
The Tsum Valley Trek, a hidden gem in Nepal, offers basic but comfortable food and accommodation options, primarily in teahouses and homestays. Along the trail, trekkers can find small family-run lodges that provide simple, hearty meals, including traditional Nepali dishes like dal bhat (rice with lentils and vegetables), thukpa (noodle soup), and tsampa (roasted barley flour). Western dishes such as pasta, pancakes, and fried rice are also available, though choices become more limited as you ascend into higher and more remote areas. Meals are prepared with locally sourced ingredients, ensuring freshness, but trekkers should be prepared for a repetitive menu in the more isolated villages.
Accommodation in the Tsum Valley is rustic yet cozy, with most teahouses offering shared rooms with twin beds and basic bedding. While electricity is available in lower regions, higher-altitude lodges may rely on solar power or candles, and heating is usually limited to a communal dining area with a wood stove. Toilets are mostly shared and may be either Western-style or squat, with hot showers becoming a rarity as you go higher. Despite the simplicity, the warm hospitality of the local Tibetan and Nepali hosts makes the stay memorable, with many teahouses providing blankets and hot water bottles to combat the cold nights.
Due to the valley’s remoteness, it’s advisable to carry some snacks, energy bars, and a reusable water bottle (with purification tablets) for convenience. While major villages like Chhekampar and Nile have better facilities, smaller settlements offer only the most basic amenities. Booking ahead isn’t usually necessary, except during peak seasons (spring and autumn), but trekkers should be flexible and prepared for occasional shortages. Overall, the Tsum Valley Trek balances adventure with cultural immersion, offering an authentic Himalayan experience with modest yet sufficient food and lodging.
How's the weather and Temperature of Tsum Valley?
The Tsum Valley, located in the isolated northern part of Nepal, has a variety of weather patterns owing to different altitudes and the Himalayan setting. Knowing these weather conditions is useful for anyone considering trekking in this beautiful place. Weather can vary greatly throughout the year and even within distinct seasons, which makes the valley unique.
| Month | Weather Conditions | Temperature (Approximate) |
| January | Very cold, heavy snowfall possible, trails icy. | Daytime: -2°C to 6°C; Nighttime: -15°C to -20°C |
| February | Cold, some snowfall, clearer skies than January. | Daytime: 0°C to 8°C; Nighttime: -10°C to -18°C |
| March | Spring begins, warming, clear skies. | Daytime: 4°C to 12°C; Nighttime: -6°C to -12°C |
| April | Peak spring, ideal trekking weather, dry. | Daytime: 6°C to 16°C; Nighttime: -2°C to -8°C |
| May | Warmer, some pre-monsoon showers possible. | Daytime: 10°C to 20°C; Nighttime: 0°C to -5°C |
| June | Monsoons begin with wet, humid, and heavy rainfall. | Daytime: 12°C to 22°C; Nighttime: 2°C to 8°C |
| July | Monsoon, heavy rainfall, slippery trails. | Daytime: 14°C to 24°C; Nighttime: 4°C to 10°C |
| August | Monsoon, continued rainfall, cloudy. | Daytime: 14°C to 23°C; Nighttime: 4°C to 9°C |
| September | Post-monsoon, clearing skies, good visibility. | Daytime: 12°C to 18°C; Nighttime: 0°C to 6°C |
| October | Autumn, excellent trekking conditions, clear. | Daytime: 10°C to 16°C; Nighttime: -2°C to -6°C |
| November | Cooling, clear skies, colder nights. | Daytime: 6°C to 12°C; Nighttime: -5°C to -10°C |
| December | Cold, potential snowfall, freezing temperatures. | Daytime: 0°C to 6°C; Nighttime: -10°C to -18°C |
How difficult is the Tsum Valley trek?
The Tsum Valley Trek is moderately complex. Trekkers should expect to hike 6-7 hours daily, with steep climbs and descents. Some parts of the trek have sudden altitude changes, which can cause altitude sickness. You may not need previous trekking experience, but being in good physical shape and mentally ready for unexpected challenges in the Himalayas is crucial, as poor planning can lead to serious injuries.
Before your Tsum Valley Trek, prepare by exercising for at least a month. You can go to the gym, swim, hike, or cycle to build muscles and improve endurance. The highest point you will reach is Mu Gompa, at 3,700 meters. After that, you will face rugged terrain in a remote area. You will cross several chilly hanging bridges that will test your determination.
Altitude Sickness and Remedies during the Tsum Valley Trek
Altitude sickness, or Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), occurs when the body cannot adjust to lower oxygen levels at altitude. The Tsum Valley Trek takes trekkers to altitudes above 3,500 meters at high elevations, and symptoms could include headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and shortness of breath due to lower air pressure and oxygen saturation.
If altitude sickness worsens, it can lead to more serious and potentially lethal conditions such as High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). The risk of altitude sickness is greater if the trekker ascends more rapidly, gets dehydrated, or exerts themselves too much. Proper acclimatization is essential. The body requires time at altitude to acclimate; more specifically, it takes time to produce more red blood cells to move oxygen to the organs. A hiker can develop pulmonary or cerebral edema if they ascend to high altitude too quickly, where fluid leaks into the lungs or brain, causing pulmonary or cerebral edema.
The Tsum Valley Trek is ideal for improving health; altitude sickness symptoms in Tsum Valley can deteriorate rapidly if not attended to. Trekkers with already damaged hearts or lungs are at increased risk for developing high-altitude sickness and should discuss possible treks with their doctor first. Recognizing early-stage symptoms and acting upon them is very important in order to prevent the progression to severe altitude sickness and greater complications.
Remedies for Altitude Sickness
For Altitude sickness, fortunately, several remedies—including gradual acclimatization, hydration, medications, and natural treatments—can help prevent and alleviate symptoms, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable high-altitude experience. So let’s get into them.
1. Gradual Ascent and Acclimatization
One of the most effective ways to prevent altitude sickness is to ascend slowly, allowing the body time to adapt. During the Tsum Valley Trek, follow the “climb high, sleep low” principle—hike to higher elevations during the day but descend slightly to sleep. Schedule rest days at key points, such as in Mu Gompa (3,700m) or Nile (3,361m), to help your body adjust. Rushing the ascent significantly increases the risk of AMS, so a well-paced itinerary is essential for safety.
2. Stay Hydrated
Dehydration worsens altitude sickness symptoms, so drinking plenty of fluids is crucial. Aim for 3-4 liters of water daily, as dry mountain air and physical exertion increase fluid loss. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, as they contribute to dehydration. Electrolyte solutions or oral rehydration salts can help maintain balance. Clear or light-colored urine indicates proper hydration, while dark urine suggests drinking more water.
3. Medication (Diamox/Acetazolamide)
Diamox (Acetazolamide) is a commonly prescribed medication that helps prevent and reduce AMS symptoms by speeding up acclimatization. It works by increasing breathing rate, thus improving oxygen intake. Doctors recommend starting Diamox a day before ascending and continuing for the first 48 hours at high altitude. However, it may cause side effects like tingling fingers or frequent urination, so consult a physician before use. Ibuprofen or paracetamol can also help relieve headaches.
4. Eat a High-Calorie, Carbohydrate-Rich Diet
During high exertion or at high altitude, your body will hyperburn energy and deplete its nutrients with high efficiency. It is important to eat well. Focus on higher carbohydrate foods like rice, pasta, and potatoes, which are generally easier to digest as they provide energy quicker than proteins or fats. More frequent, small meals help sustain energy without creating digestive overload. Heavy, fatty foods will slow the body’s metabolism and ultimately help you burn energy more slowly. Garlic soup is a time-honoured Himalayan recommendation. A component of garlic soup has a reputation for aiding in blood circulation and oxygen absorption.
5. Descend if Symptoms Worsen
If symptoms of altitude sickness become severe (such as confusion, extreme fatigue, or difficulty breathing), the only effective treatment is immediate descent. Delaying can lead to life-threatening conditions like HAPE or HACE. Carry a portable oxygen cylinder or use a Gamow bag (hyperbaric chamber) in emergencies if descent isn’t immediately possible. Never ignore worsening symptoms—prioritize health over reaching the next destination. Proper preparation and awareness can make the Tsum Valley Trek a safe and rewarding experience.
Location and History of Tsum Valley
The Tsum Valley, located in the Gorkha district of western Nepal, is at an elevation ranging from 2,000 to 3,500 meters (6,600 to 11,500 feet). This region is encompassed within the Manaslu Conservation Area, which was established in 1998. The valley comprises 33 villages, housing 529 households with a population of 1,810 individuals. The lower portion of the valley is characterized by steep terrain and a lower density of settlements. The indigenous inhabitants of the Tsum Valley are known as the Tsumba people, who practice both Bon and Buddhism. To preserve the local traditions associated with Bon and Buddhism, the Government of Nepal has designated the Tsum Valley as a restricted area for foreign visitors.
The Tsum Valley was an important trade route between Nepal and Tibet and was completely cut off from the outside world until the beginning of the early 2000s. The valley exhibits aspects of Tibetan Buddhist culture in the form of ancient monasteries, chortens, and mani walls, which indicate its spiritual importance. Locally, there are stories of the great Buddhist saint Milarepa meditating in the caves of Tsum. In 2008, the valley opened to trekkers, but it continues to preserve much of its traditional lifestyle. Local people use a cooperative system called Shyakya, which is a community and unique governance structure.
What attracts the Trekkers to explore the Tsum Valley?
The Tsum Valley is a unique combination of unblemished wilderness and untouched culture. Most regions in Nepal share these qualities. However, the Tsum Valley is unlike almost any trekking region due to its remote location and beautiful surroundings. The trekking experience in the Tsum Valley is site-specific, which is undoubtedly heightened by the astounding beauty of the cascading waterfalls, deep valleys, incredible rivers of drinking water flowing loudly beside you, and the rare opportunity to trek with towering Himalayan peaks in the background, specifically the Ganesh Himal and Manaslu.
While visitors can witness breathtaking scenery, the Tsum Valley is about being immersed in a traditional Tibetan Buddhist culture. Known as Tsumbas, the valley’s population lives differently than most of us. Scattered throughout the valley are ancient monasteries, mani walls, and typical chortens. Additionally, the valley is marked by a prominent adherence to non-violence, and its sacred architecture makes for a tranquil atmosphere. Moreover, the prospect of observing interesting traditions and friendly local people can make the Tsum Valley a very spiritually and culturally pleasing destination for trekkers. Being an adventure travel destination does not detract from the experience of trekking in the Tsum Valley as a cultural experience.
Permits and Preparation for the Tsum Valley Trek
The Tsum Valley is a remote, beautiful, culturally rich region in Nepal with a strong Tibetan influence. Because of its unique cultural and ecological value, the Nepalese government restricts access to the valley, requiring trekkers to obtain special permits.
To trek in the Tsum Valley, you need two specific permits: the Tsum Valley Permit and the Manaslu Restricted Area Permit (RAP). The Manaslu RAP is more costly, priced at USD 100 per week for the first four weeks, and then it increases to USD 15 per day for any trekking beyond that period, depending on the season. The Tsum Valley Permit, on the other hand, is more affordable at just USD 40 per week.
These permits can be acquired in Kathmandu through authorized trekking agencies, or directly from the Department of Immigration or the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB). It’s essential to arrange these permits beforehand, as regulations are strictly enforced to preserve the area’s natural environment and cultural integrity.
